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Terms in this set (21)
Class
A "blueprint" or "template" for creating a particular type of object. It specifies the data attributes and methods for the object, accessed via dot notation.
Difference between Procedural Programming and Object Oriented Programming?
Procedural Programming is centred on creating procedures (functions) whilst Object Oriented Programming is centred on creating objects.
Encapsulation
Combining of data and code into a single object.
Data attributes
Data contained in an object.
Methods
Functions that perform operations on an object's data attributes.
Object
An instance of a class. It is a self contained unit consisting of data attributes and methods that operate on the data attributes.
Data hiding
An object's attributes may or may not be visible outside the class definition. Only the object's methods may directly access and make changes to the object's data attributes.
Protects from accidental corruption.
You need to name attributes with a double underscore prefix, and those attributes then are not be directly visible to outsiders.
Public methods
Those methods that can be accessed by entities outside the object.
Private methods
Those methods which are part of the object's internal workings and external entities do not have access to them. In Python this is done by adding 2 underscores characters ( __ ) in front of the name.
Class definition
Set of statements that define a class's methods and data attributes.
__init__ method
First method inside a a class definition. It is a special method, which is called class constructor or initialization method. It executes immediately after an object is created and initialises the object's data attributes.
e.g: def __init__(self, name, salary):
self.name = name
self.salary = salary
Self parameter
When a method is called, Python automatically passes a reference to the calling object into the first parameter (self, etc)
Modules
A module allows you to logically organize your Python code.
Grouping related code into a module makes the code easier to understand and use.
A module is a Python object with arbitrarily named attributes that you can bind and reference.
Creating Objects
To create instances of a class (objects), you call the class using class name and pass in whatever arguments its __init__ method accepts.
Accessing objects attributes
You access the object's attributes using the dot operator with object.
e.g: emp1.displayEmployee()
Garbage Collection
The process by which Python periodically reclaims blocks of memory that no longer are in use is termed Garbage Collection.
__str__ method
The str function converts any object to its string representation.
When the __str__ method is available, operations such as print automatically use it to obtain an object's string representation.
Instance Attributes
Belongs to the specific instance of the class (the object).
Each instance of a class will have its own set of attributes
Accessor
Methods that allow a user to observe but not change the state of an object.
GETTERS
Mutators
Methods that allow a user to modify an objects state.
SETTERS
Unified Modelling Language
Name:
___________________________________
Data Attributes Listed:
(Instance Variables)
____________________________________
Methods Listed:
(Mutators and Accessors)
____________________________________
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