Terms in this set (117)Which of the following describes the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions? Entertainment Informing Explanation Persuasion Persuasion Which of the following should be avoided in persuasive speaking? Portraying a few details as the whole story Citing the sources of facts Making deliberately false or deceptive statements Quoting out of context Portraying a few details as the whole story Making deliberately false or deceptive statements Quoting out of context True or false: Persuasion occurs in situations where there is one point of view.
false In a conservative region, Terrance is giving a speech urging gun control legislation. Terrance will most likely need to ignore one side of the issue. experience audience resistance to persuasion. find that persuasion of any sort is impossible. experience audience resistance to persuasion. Thinking of your speech as a mental dialogue with your audience means that you must modify your persuasive goals so that they are reasonable. include all of the information that you possibly can about your topic, no matter how long it becomes. include additional statistics in your speech so that listeners are overwhelmed. anticipate potential objections and include answers in your speech. anticipate potential objections and include answers in your speech. When you speak to persuade, you act as an advocate for something. merely inform the audience about a topic. never want to influence your audience to act. want people to agree with you. act as an advocate for something. want people to agree with you. Which of the following best describes a persuasive speaker's target audience? People who strongly disagree with the speaker's points People who have not yet formed a strong opinion People who are absent from the forum People who already agree with the speaker's points People who have not yet formed a strong opinion A need for persuasion exists if there are disputes. is disagreement. are political factions. is a consensus. are disputes. is disagreement. are political factions. Which of the following is true about persuasion? It is straightforward. It is a process. It is simplistic. It is psychological. It is a process. It is psychological. Which of the following are true about the scale showing degrees of persuasion? Persuasion occurs only with a radical shift along the scale toward the speaker's position. A listener may begin from a neutral position on the scale. A listener may end up in a neutral position on the scale. Any movement on the scale toward the speaker's position constitutes persuasion. A listener may begin from a neutral position on the scale. A listener may end up in a neutral position on the scale. Any movement on the scale toward the speaker's position constitutes persuasion. Which of the following are true about speaking persuasively on a question of fact? Competing facts should be given equal weight Each main point should persuade listeners to agree. Competing facts need not be included. The aim is not to be impartial. Each main point should persuade listeners to agree. Competing facts need not be included. The aim is not to be impartial. Kimi is giving a speech on why people should adopt an organic diet. She knows that some of her listeners will probably question why organic is necessary when they were raised on non-organic food, so she makes sure to include some statistics that demonstrate the harmful effects of chemical pesticides and fertilizers on humans and the environment. By anticipating this objection and providing an answer, Kimi is unethically skewing her argument in the direction that suits her purposes. giving a persuasive speech on a question of policy. making her persuasive goals reasonable. thinking of her persuasive speech as a mental dialogue with the audience. thinking of her persuasive speech as a mental dialogue with the audience. A persuasive speech on a question of fact is different from an informative speech because in the persuasive speech the speaker is partisan. is nonpartisan. presents information impartially. acts as an advocate. is partisan. acts as an advocate. What is an important factor in successful persuasive speaking? Avoiding considering your audience before you speak Pressuring your audience to do what is right Tailoring your speech to the values and beliefs of your audience Knowing as little as possible about your audience so that they won't influence you Tailoring your speech to the values and beliefs of your audience Clotilde is giving a speech on why people should adopt a vegetarian lifestyle. In preparation for her speech, she talked to her aunt, who is a vegetarian. Clotilde's aunt told her that meat consumption is the number one cause of cancer in the United States. Clotilde does not verify her aunt's statement but repeats it in her speech. Which of the following guidelines for ethical speaking did she violate? Get facts correct. Learn about all sides of the issue. Do not misrepresent your sources. Make sure your goals are ethical. Get facts correct. True or false: Persuasion occurs in situations where there is one point of view. false True or false: To be persuasive, a speaker must present facts from every side in an impartial manner. false Which of the following statements are true about courtroom trials? The defense lawyer uses facts to convince the jury that the defendant is not guilty. The way facts are presented may conflict with each other. There is no possibility of dispute over questions of fact. The prosecution uses facts to convince the jury that the defendant is guilty. The defense lawyer uses facts to convince the jury that the defendant is not guilty. The way facts are presented may conflict with each other. The prosecution uses facts to convince the jury that the defendant is guilty. Which of the following best describes a persuasive speaker's target audience? People who are absent from the forum People who strongly disagree with the speaker's points People who already agree with the speaker's points People who have not yet formed a strong opinion People who have not yet formed a strong opinion What is a characteristic of organizing a persuasive speech topically? Listeners will typically become confused after two points. The structure tends to lead to a misleading, dishonest presentation. The speaker will refute each point with a conflicting point. Each point will present a reason for the listener to agree with the speaker. Each point will present a reason for the listener to agree with the speaker. Which of the following are true about ethics in speech-making? Ethics are vital for a speaker's credibility. Quoting out of context is unethical. Ethical issues are not a matter of concern in persuasive speeches. Awareness of language's power is not an ethical issue. Ethics are vital for a speaker's credibility. Quoting out of context is unethical. Which of the following are questions of value? Is keeping chickens in cages morally justifiable? How should we fix the city's smog problem? Where was the first computer built? What was the most boring book published last year? Is keeping chickens in cages morally justifiable? What was the most boring book published last year? What is the goal of justifying your stance on a question of value? To make a statement about your personal preference To create group pressure to force those who feel differently to change their minds To provide standards by which to measure the correctness of your opinion To silence disagreement to provide standards by which to measure the correctness of your opinion What should you try to accomplish in a persuasive speech on a question of fact? Rouse your listeners to immediate action Present information to show why listeners should agree with you Make an emotional appeal to shared moral values Present both sides of the question in a nonpartisan way Present information to show why listeners should agree with you Which of the following are important points in organizing persuasive speeches on questions of value? Pointing out that standards of value are always arbitrary Establishing standards for value judgment Applying standards of value to your subject Comparing and contrasting values systems Establishing standards for value judgment Applying standards of value to your subject Which of the following addresses whether a particular course of action should or should not be taken? Questions of value Questions of fact Questions of policy Questions of policy A question of ______ addresses whether something is moral or immoral. policy value fact information value What characterizes a partisan speech? Helping people solve their problems Seeking to present facts in a neutral manner so that people can make up their own minds Demanding that people sign up for committees Attempting to encourage someone to adopt a specific action or belief Attempting to encourage someone to adopt a specific action or belief What is the result of passive agreement? Listeners will agree that a particular policy is a good idea. Listeners will tend to disbelieve the speaker. Listeners will be given the tools to enact immediate change. Listeners will call their legislators. Listeners will agree that a particular policy is a good idea. Which statements correctly describe questions of value? They are based on personal preferences and tastes. They are based on moral judgments. They are supported by standards. They are grounded in fact. ... When giving a speech on a question of value, which of the following must you do in order to be effective? Leave no room for other opinions Justify your claim Rely only on enthusiasm Establish your standards Justify your claim Establish your standards Speeches on questions of value are usually organized spatially. politically. chronologically. topically. topically. A question of ______ asks whether a specific action should be taken. value fact policy policy Which of the following is not one of the three basic issues you will face when discussing a question of policy? Plan Practicality Need Alternative Alternative A question of value could address whether something is which of the following? True or false Likely or unlikely Moral or immoral Good or bad Moral or immoral Good or bad Speeches on questions of ______ can be speeches to gain passive agreement or speeches to gain immediate action. fact value policy policy Which of the following statements are true about Monroe's motivated sequence? It has only three steps. It is appropriate for speeches that seek immediate action. It has only five steps. It is appropriate for speeches that seek passive agreement. It is appropriate for speeches that seek immediate action. It has only five steps. What is the goal of justifying your stance on a question of value? To silence disagreement To make a statement about your personal preference To provide standards by which to measure the correctness of your opinion To create group pressure to force those who feel differently to change their minds To provide standards by which to measure the correctness of your opinion Andre is giving a speech on an environmental bill that will be presented to the House of Representatives in a month. He finishes his speech by saying, "I strongly urge you all to take a few minutes out of your day and email Representative Chan. Tell him that it is important that he support this bill and protect our state's natural resources." Which step of Monroe's motivated sequence is Andre fulfilling? Visualization Action Need Satisfaction Action Which of the following is an important element in constructing a persuasive speech on a question of value? Knowing that your audience shares your values Invoking religious authority to support you Shaming audience members who do not agree with you Identifying standards to help you justify your argument Identifying standards to help you justify your argument Which of the following is the term Aristotle used for the concept of credibility? Pathos Ethos Logos Ethos In discussing questions of policy, how should time be divided among the points of need, plan, and practicality? Each point should be one-third of the presentation. It depends on the level of knowledge that listeners have about each point. Need should be the primary point and be given most time. All three points should be summarized quickly to allow time for discussion. It depends on the level of knowledge that listeners have about each point. Why can attaining credibility be complex for speakers? A speaker can only establish credibility through work experience. Audiences are incapable of determining if a speaker has credibility. A speaker may have more credibility on one topic than on another. Credibility exists in the mind of the audience. Audiences are incapable of determining if a speaker has credibility. A speaker may have more credibility on one topic than on another. Place the steps of Monroe's motivated sequence in order from first (on top) to last. Satisfaction Attention Visualization Need Action 1. Attention Selim is giving a speech on why young people should vote. He first captures the audience's attention by giving a startling statistic on the low turnout in the last state election. Then, he tells them why this is a major problem, provides a solution to the problem, and helps the audience visualize how they can benefit from voting. Finally, he says, "The next election is coming up in just two months, so I want you all to register to vote today and vote when the time comes." Selim has organized his speech according to problem-solution order. problem-cause-solution order. chronological order. Monroe's motivated sequence. Monroe's motivated sequence. The audience's perception of the speaker's qualification to speak on a topic is called credibility. goodwill. competence. logos. credibility. Which of the following is the credibility the speaker has at the end of a speech? Derived Terminal Primal Initial Terminal Which of the following is not one of the three basic issues you will face when discussing a question of policy? Alternative Practicality Need Plan Alternative Which of the following demonstrate the speaker's competence? The speaker's expertise The speaker's intelligence The speaker's knowledge of the subject The speaker's sincerity The speaker's expertise The speaker's intelligence The speaker's knowledge of the subject In speech using Monroe's motivated sequence, it is important to make the audience feel that a change is necessary. This is so they will be ready to move to which next step? They will be ready to visualize the benefits of the plan. They will be ready to take action. They will be ready to present their own solutions. They will be ready to hear your solution. They will be ready to hear your solution Which of the following is the type of credibility a speaker has before beginning to speak? Derived Initial Terminal Primal Initial Chris is about to give a speech on social media marketing to a room of professional marketers. How can he enhance his credibility? Describe his background and experience as it pertains to social media marketing Highlight the marketing challenges that he and the audience share when doing their jobs Speaking with cool objectivity and haughtiness Speak passionately and from the heart Describe his background and experience as it pertains to social media marketing Highlight the marketing challenges that he and the audience share when doing their jobs Speak passionately and from the heart Speakers need to address which of the following when arguing questions of policy? Plan Need Passive agreement Practicality Plan Need Practicality Which of the following terms refers to the supporting material that proves or disproves something? Credibility Ethos Evidence Reasoning Evidence
If you were seeking to persuade an audience to volunteer for a project, which of the following would be effective ways to establish your credibility? Demonstrating your sincerity through the delivery of your speech Sharing that you care about the audience members Emphasizing how you are different from your audience Talking about your personal experience volunteering for the project Demonstrating your sincerity through the delivery of your speech Sharing that you care about the audience members Talking about your personal experience volunteering for the project Which of the following should a speaker do when completing the action stage (the fifth step) of Monroe's motivated sequence? Explain how the audience should take action Explain how the problem presented can be fixed Say exactly what they want the audience to do Tell the audience what the source of the problem is Explain how the audience should take action Say exactly what they want the audience to do Kenzie is giving a speech on why her city should implement a recycling program. She first gains her audience's attention by sharing a startling statistic about the size of the world's landfills. Later in the speech, she says, "Did you know that we are producing about 5 million pounds of trash each year? Our landfill is rapidly filling, and city officials have estimated that if things don't change, it will be necessary to find a new place to dispose of our trash within the next ten years." By including this passage, what is Kenzie doing? Getting the audience's attention Establishing need Calling for the audience to take action Helping the audience visualize the solution Establishing need Which of the following are ways of enhancing your credibility as a speaker? Speaking with genuine conviction Establishing common ground with the audience Demonstrating your lack of conviction about the topic Explaining your competence Speaking with genuine conviction Establishing common ground with the audience Explaining your competence Which of the following would be the most effective strategy if a speaker were trying to persuade an audience about the human contribution to global warming? To provide evidence that illustrates the increase in global warming in the past century To humiliate opponents to the speaker's argument To demonstrate objectivity on the topic To embrace a radical position in order to move the audience toward that side To provide evidence that illustrates the increase in global warming in the past century Which of the following are benefits of using evidence in a speech? Evidence helps make listeners more receptive to counterarguments from other speakers. Evidence eliminates the needs for competence. Evidence can help persuade listeners. Evidence is especially useful when speaking to people who disagree with you. Evidence can help persuade listeners. Evidence is especially useful when speaking to people who disagree with you. Which of the following is not an example of specific evidence? There were just over 14,000 deaths from heroin overdoses in 2016 in the United States. Overdose deaths have increased dramatically in the first decades of the 21st century. The rate of overdose deaths in the United States nearly doubled from 2006 to 2016. In the United States in 2016, the most overdose deaths (about 20,000) were caused by synthetic opioids not including methadone. Overdose deaths have increased dramatically in the first decades of the 21st century. Which of the following describes the process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence? Credibility building Reasoning Appealing to emotions Hasty generalizing Reasoning Which of the following are guidelines you should follow when reasoning from specific instances? Avoid hasty generalizations. Be especially careful with your wording. Stress that exceptions are not possible. Reinforce your argument with statistics or testimony. Avoid hasty generalizations. Be especially careful with your wording. Reinforce your argument with statistics or testimony. How can speakers successfully incorporate evidence into their speeches? Give evidence to answer the audience's questions and to resolve their objections Imagine what the audience might be thinking Anticipate the audience's questions and objections Ignore possible questions or resistance from the audience and just present the evidence clearly ... When giving a speech about a topic over which people have various opinions, the speaker should expect which of the following? That the audience will tune out and stop listening when evidence is given That the audience will not require evidence if the speaker is sufficiently credible That the audience will generally believe everything that the speaker says That the audience will question certain points and want evidence to back them up ... Which of the following are guidelines to follow when reasoning from principle? If the general premise will not be immediately accepted, provide evidence to support it. Determine whether the general premise will be accepted by the audience without evidence. The minor premise will not need to be supported with evidence if evidence for the major premise is given. Prepare to support the minor premise with evidence. If the general premise will not be immediately accepted, provide evidence to support it. Determine whether the general premise will be accepted by the audience without evidence. Prepare to support the minor premise with evidence. __________ consists of supporting materials, including examples, statistics, and testimony, that are used in speeches to prove or disprove something. evidence Which of the following statements is an example of specific evidence? Drug overdoses are a serious problem in the United States. Approximately 64,000 Americans died from drug overdoses in 2016. Drug overdoses are a threat to our communities. Many Americans die from drug overdoses. Approximately 64,000 Americans died from drug overdoses in 2016. As a speaker, what are your major goals with respect to reasoning? You must make sure your own reasoning is sound. You must try to get listeners to agree with your reasoning. You must use as many emotional appeals as possible. You must use faulty reasoning. You must make sure your own reasoning is sound. You must try to get listeners to agree with your reasoning. Which of the following is the reasoning process that moves from a number of particular facts to a general conclusion? Causal reasoning Analogical reasoning Reasoning from principle Reasoning from specific instances Reasoning from specific instances True or false: In causal reasoning, a speaker compares two cases that are similar in order to argue that what applied in one case will apply in another. False Which of the following is the reasoning process that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion? Causal reasoning Reasoning from specific instances Analogical reasoning Reasoning from principle Reasoning from principle Which of the following terms refers to the supporting material that proves or disproves something? Reasoning Evidence Ethos Credibility ... "Sheila led her company division successfully. I have every confidence that she will run the company with the same level of success." This quotation is best exemplifies which of the following types of reasoning? Analogical reasoning Which of the following is not an example of specific evidence? Overdose deaths have increased dramatically in the first decades of the 21st century. true or false: It is appropriate to use fallacies in your speeches. false Which of the following describes the process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence? Reasoning Why can using causal reasoning be tricky? The fact that one event happens after another event does not mean that the first event caused it. Events can have more than one cause. Determining cause and effect is not necessarily clear or easy. Which of the following is an example of reasoning from principle? "Lying is wrong. James lied to me. Therefore, James was wrong," Which of the following best describes analogical reasoning? ... Which of the following is the reasoning process in which two similar cases are compared and it is inferred that what is true for the first case is also true for the second? analogical reasoning Which of the following is an example of a hasty generalization? Jin sees three horses with brown hooves and concludes that all horses have brown hooves. a fallacy is _______ reasoning an error in which of the following is the latin name for the false cause fallacy? Post hoc, ergo propter hoc As a speaker, what are your major goals with respect to reasoning? You must try to get listeners to agree with your reasoning. You must make sure your own reasoning is sound. The type of reasoning that attempts to understand the relationship between an event and its effects is called ____________ reasoning. causal Which of the following is the reasoning process that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion? Reasoning from principle Which of the following is an example of an invalid analogy? Senator Jones is overweight. If he can't control his waistline, he can't control government spending. Which of the following is the most common fallacy that occurs when reasoning from specific instances? Hasty generalization The claim that the high school drop-out rate has increased because more women have taken jobs in the workplace would be an example of the false cause fallacy. Which of the following describes the process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence? reasoning The statement, "Most people support the legalization of marijuana, and therefore it should be legal," is an example of the bandwagon fallacy.
Why can using causal reasoning be tricky? The fact that one event happens after another event does not mean that the first event caused it. Events can have more than one cause. Determining cause and effect is not necessarily clear or easy. Which of the following fallacies is a comparison of two cases that are not essentially alike? ... The __________ analogy fallacy is a type of inaccurate and misleading analogical reasoning. invalid Which of the following is the fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion? Red herring The ______________ generalization fallacy occurs when a speaker jumps to a conclusion on the basis of too few cases or on the basis of atypical cases. hasty True or false: Effective persuasion rarely requires emotional appeal. false Which of the following are terms for the mistaken reasoning that one event caused another event simply because it happened first? false cause fallacy The ____________ fallacy assumes that if something is popular, it is good or right. bandwagon Which of the following describes the reasoning process that seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects? Causal reasoning "If we let more refugees into this country, they'll take our jobs." This statement appeals to which of the following emotions? Anger Fear Lee and Maschino, two candidates campaigning for state representative, are participating in a debate and are asked whether marijuana should be legal. Lee answers that he feels it should be legal, then finishes by accusing candidate Maschino of opposing legalization only because he receives kickbacks from several liquor companies. Maschino responds, "Who helps fund my campaign is irrelevant. What we should be focusing on is the lack of funding for our schools." Which type of fallacy is Maschino's response? Red herring The Roman rhetorician Quintilian stated that eloquence is derived from the force of the imagination and what other factor? Feeling What are examples of emotion-laden words that would be suitable for generating an emotional appeal for people to volunteer at a local food bank? Hunger Desperate Gratitude Which of the following is the fallacy that assumes that because something is popular it is therefore good or correct? Bandwagon True or false: Cassidy is engaged in ethical speaking when she gives statistics about the poverty level in her city and follows them up with stories about homeless, hungry children. true Pathos was the name used by Aristotle to refer to ______ appeal. an emotional How can a speaker appeal to the emotions of the audience? By using emotional language By offering a vivid example By speaking with sincerity and conviction The ____________ herring fallacy is used when a speaker introduces an irrelevant issue in order to divert attention from the subject under discussion. red Why do speakers appeal to emotions when giving a persuasive speech? To grab the attention of listeners To influence listeners Which of the following are ways to generate an emotional appeal? Speaking with sincerity and conviction Using emotional language Developing vivid examples Which of the following is an example of an unethical emotional appeal? To urge people to attend a racist rally Lucille has been asked to speak to a local group of volunteers who wish to serve as literacy tutors to disadvantaged children. Which of the following would help her explain her competence? Stating that she volunteered for a local group called the Literacy Network What are examples of emotion-laden words that would be suitable for generating an emotional appeal for people to volunteer at a local food bank? Hunger Desperate Gratitude What does it mean to use emotional appeals ethically? To use them in conjunction with building a case on reason To use them only when it is appropriate for your topic How can speakers enhance their credibility with the audience? establishing common ground By delivering their speech fluently, expressively, and with conviction By explaining their competence Sets found in the same folderSpeaking to Persuade156 terms lorena_06_ramirez Chapter 12: Using language87 terms ohgoditsrhea Chapter 16 Smartbook Assignment78 terms Karly_Floyd6 Chapter 16 - Speaking to Persuade41 terms Lalli34 Other sets by this creatorSustainable Exam 4 Review22 terms BrendaC1223 ch 15-19 marketing164 terms BrendaC1223 chapter 14 business marketing58 terms BrendaC1223 Marketing66 terms BrendaC1223 Recommended textbook solutions The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric2nd EditionLawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses 661 solutions
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Which of the following is the reasoning process that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion quizlet?deductive reasoning moves from generalized principles that are known to be true to a true and specific conclusion.
What is reasoning principle?Sometimes called “reasoning from first principles,” the idea is to break down complicated problems into basic elements and then reassemble them from the ground up. It's one of the best ways to learn to think for yourself, unlock your creative potential, and move from linear to non-linear results.
Which of the following describes the reasoning process that seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects?Causal reasoning argues to establish a relationship between a cause and an effect. When speakers attempt to argue for a particular course of action based on potential positive or negative consequences that may result, they are using causal reasoning.
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