- Entertainment & Pop Culture
- Geography & Travel
- Health & Medicine
- Lifestyles & Social Issues
- Literature
- Philosophy & Religion
- Politics, Law & Government
- Science
- Sports & Recreation
- Technology
- Visual Arts
- World History
- On This Day in History
- Quizzes
- Podcasts
- Dictionary
- Biographies
- Summaries
- Top Questions
- Week In Review
- Infographics
- Demystified
- Lists
- #WTFact
- Companions
- Image Galleries
- Spotlight
- The Forum
- One Good Fact
- Entertainment & Pop Culture
- Geography & Travel
- Health & Medicine
- Lifestyles & Social Issues
- Literature
- Philosophy & Religion
- Politics, Law & Government
- Science
- Sports & Recreation
- Technology
- Visual Arts
- World History
- Britannica Classics
Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives. - Demystified Videos
In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions. - #WTFact Videos
In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find. - This Time in History
In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history. - Britannica Explains
In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.
- Buying Guide
Expert buying advice. From tech to household and wellness products. - Student Portal
Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more. - COVID-19 Portal
While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today. - 100 Women
Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians. - Britannica Beyond
We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning. Go ahead. Ask. We won’t mind. - Saving Earth
Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century. Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! - SpaceNext50
Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!
The Americans: Reconstruction to the 21st Century, California Edition
1st EditionGerald A. Danzer, J. Jorge Klor de Alva, Larry S. Krieger, Louis E. Wilson, Nancy Woloch
614 solutions
American Anthem
1st EditionDeborah Gray White, Edward L. Ayers, Jesús F. de la Teja, Robert D. Schulzinger
2,629 solutions
American Anthem: Modern American History
1st EditionDeborah Gray White, Edward L. Ayers, Jesús F. de la Teja, Robert D. Schulzinger
1,315 solutions
United States History: Independence to 1914, California Edition
1st EditionDeborah Gray White, William Deverell
1,024 solutions
First time individual state tried going against union
The South Carolina legislature used Calhoun's reasoning to nullify the Tariff of 1832 after the Tariff of 1828.
Following a few tense months, South Carolina eventually accepted a compromise tariff in the winter of 1833
The south being predominantly agricultural, saw the protective tariffs as severely damaging to their economy
During John Quincy Adam's Vice Presidency, John C. Calhoun, had drafted the South Carolina Exposition a document that declared the tariffs were unconstitutional causing the Nullification Crisis bringing the sectional interests of the North and the South into open conflict for the first time
According to Calhoun, the federal government only existed at the will of the states.
If a state found a federal law unconstitutional and detrimental to its sovereign interests, it would have the right to "nullify" the law within its borders. Calhoun advanced the position that a state could declare a national law void.
South Carolina was not satisfied, November 24th, 1832, a state convention adopted the Ordinance of Nullification, which declared that the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and unenforceable in South Carolina after February 1st. 1833.