R4R TeamR4Rin Top Tutorials are Core Java,Hibernate ,Spring,Sturts.The content on R4R.in website is done by expert team not only with the help of books but along with the strong professional knowledge in all context like coding,designing, marketing,etc! Show
What is perception?Perception is the ability to capture, process, and actively make sense of the information that our senses receive. It is the cognitive process that makes it possible to interpret our surroundings with the stimuli that we receive throughout sensory organs. This important cognitive ability is essential to our daily lives because it makes it possible to understand our surroundings. It's possible to train and improve perception with cognitive stimulation. It is an active process and requires that we process information with both "bottom-up" and "top-down" processing, meaning that we are not only directed by the stimuli that we receive (passive, bottom-up processing) but that we expect and anticipate certain stimuli that control perception (active, top-up processing). Types of Perception and NeuroanatomyPerception is a complex process that allows us to connect with the surrounding world. Classically, it is divided in five senses:
Other types of Perception Apart from the classical five senses, today we are aware that there are other types of perception:
Phases of PerceptionPerception is not a single process that happens spontaneously. Instead, it is a series of phases that take place in order for the correct appreciation of stimuli to occur. For example, to perceive visual information, it's not enough for light to reflect off an object and this stimulating our retinal receptor cells for them to send this information to the correct brain areas. For it to happen, all of that is necessary. However, it is an active process, where we have to select, organize and interpret the information sent to the brain:
Other Gestalt principles Other Gestalt principles highlight the person's role in this process, designating a three stage sequence:
Examples of Perception
Agnosia and other disorders regarding perceptionIn some circumstances, perception may not reflect reality without this being pathological. These "failures" in perception may be illusions or hallucinations. Illusions refer to an erroneous interpretation of a real external stimulus, while hallucinations consist of an erroneous perception without the presence of a real external stimulus. These perceptual experiences can happen with any existing pathologies, they are mainly caused by physiological or cognitive characteristics of the system or altered states (substance abuse or sleep). An example of illusion would be the well-known optical illusions (perceiving two identical colours differently, perceiving movement in a static image, etc.). The most common hallucinations are hypnagogic (when you are falling asleep and perceive a figure, sound or feel like someone is touching you), hypnopompic (same sensations but when you are waking up) and the ones derived from consuming hallucinogenic drugs (such as LSD or hallucinogenic mushrooms that provoke more elaborate hallucinations). Nonetheless, illusions and hallucinations can also be pathological, related with schizophrenia, psychosis episodes, delusional ideas. Perception can also be altered by damage to our sensory organs (for example, an eye injury), damage in the pathways that take the sensory information to the brain (for example, glaucoma) or in the brain areas in charge of perception (for example, an injury in the occipital cortex). A damage in any of these three points can alter the normal perception of stimuli. The most common perception disorder is Agnosia. This disorder entails a difficulty in directing and controlling perception, as well as behaviour in general. There are two types: Perceptive visual agnosia (can see parts of an object but is incapable of understanding the object as a whole) and Associative visual agnosia (understands the object as a whole but can place what object is it). It's difficult to understand it through these disorders since even though they can see, for them it is a similar sensation to being blind. There are also more specific disorders, such as akinetopsia (inability to see movement), achromatopsia (inability to see colours), prosopagnosia (inability to recognize familiar faces), auditive agnosia (inability to recognize an object by sound, and, in the case of verbal information, person with agnosia wouldn't be able to recognize the language as such), amusia (inability to recognize or reproduce musical tones or rhythms). These disorders are produced by brain damages such as ictus, brain trauma or, even a neurodegenerative disease. How Can you Measure and Assess Perception?Perception evaluation can be of great help in different aspects of life: in academic fields (to know if a student needs extra help to perceive the information in class), in clinical fields ( to know if a patient will present difficulties in relation to the environment)or in professional fields (to know if a worker needs support due to a perceptive problem). CogniFit uses a number of classic tests as a basis for many of its tasks, like the Stroop Test, the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA), the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM), Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Hooper Visual Organization Task (VOT), the NEPSY test (Korkman, Kirk, Kemp, 1998). In addition to perception, these tests also measure naming, contextual memory, response time, working memory, updating, visual memory, processing speed, divided attention, focused attention, hand-eye coordination, shifting, inhibition, and visual scanning.
Components of Perception How Can you Recover or Improve Perception?Every cognitive skill, including perception, can be trained and improved. Brain plasticity is the basis of perception rehabilitation and other cognitive skills. The brain and its neural connections can be strengthened by challenging and working them, so by frequently training these skills, the brain structures related to it will become stronger. CogniFit was created by a team of professionals specialized in the area of neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, which is how we were able to create a personalized cognitive stimulation program that would be tailored to the needs of each user. This program starts with an evaluation to assess perception and a number of other fundamental cognitive domains, and based on the results, creates a personalized brain training program for each user. The program automatically collects the data from this initial cognitive assessment, and, with the use of sophisticated algorithms, creates a program that works on improving the user's cognitive weaknesses and training their cognitive strengths. The key to improving it is adequate and consistent training. CogniFit has professional assessment and training tools to help both individuals and professionals optimize this function. It only takes 15 minutes a day, two to three times a week. CogniFit's assessments and stimulation programs are available online and can be practiced on most computers and mobile devices. The program is made up of fun, interactive brain games, and at the end of each training session, the user automatically receives a detailed graph highlighting the user's cognitive progress. References: Evelyn Shatil, Jaroslava Mikulecká, Francesco Bellotti, Vladimír Burěs - Novel Television-Based Cognitive Training Improves Working Memory and Executive Function - PLOS ONE July 03, 2014. 10.1371/journal.pone.0101472 Korczyn AD, Peretz C, Aharonson V, et al. - Computer based cognitive training with CogniFit improved cognitive performance above the effect of classic computer games: prospective, randomized, double blind intervention study in the elderly. Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association 2007; 3(3):S171. Peretz C, Korczyn AD, Shatil E, Aharonson V, Birnboim S, Giladi N. - Computer-Based, Personalized Cognitive Training versus Classical Computer Games: A Randomized Double-Blind Prospective Trial of Cognitive Stimulation - Neuroepidemiology 2011; 36:91-9. Korczyn AD, Peretz C, Aharonson V, et al. - Computer based cognitive training with CogniFit improved cognitive performance above the effect of classic computer games: prospective, randomized, double blind intervention study in the elderly. Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association 2007; 3(3):S171. Shatil E, Korczyn AD, Peretz C, et al. - Improving cognitive performance in elderly subjects using computerized cognitive training - Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association 2008; 4(4):T492. Haimov I, Shatil E (2013) Cognitive Training Improves Sleep Quality and Cognitive Function among Older Adults with Insomnia. PLOS ONE 8(4): e61390. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061390 Thompson HJ, Demiris G, Rue T, Shatil E, Wilamowska K, Zaslavsky O, Reeder B. - Telemedicine Journal and E-health Date and Volume: 2011 Dec;17(10,):794-800. Epub 2011 Oct 19. What is the perceptual process?Perception is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information. This process includes the perception of select stimuli that pass through our perceptual filters , are organized into our existing structures and patterns, and are then interpreted based on previous experiences.
What are the 4 types of perception?Types of Perception
This includes visual perception, scent perception, touch perception, sound perception, and taste perception.
What is the term that is defined as a process by which individuals attempt to influence the reactions and images people have of them and their ideas?Impression management is usually used synonymously with self-presentation, in which a person tries to influence the perception of their image.
What is perception in psychology?Perception in psychology can be defined as the sensory experience of the world, which includes how an individual recognizes and interpreter sensory information. This also includes how one responds to those stimuli. Perception includes these senses: vision, touch, sound, smell, taste, and proprioception.
|