Written by Coursera • Updated on Jun 9, 2022 Show
A PERT chart is a visual project management tool that’s commonly used for complex projects, so that you can map out and analyze your project milestones and tasks.  What is a PERT chart?Program evaluation and review technique, known as PERT, is a tool that helps improve the way you plan resources for specific tasks in large-scale or complex projects, understand milestones, estimate task durations, and organize project scope. Milestones in a PERT chart are represented by boxes or circles called nodes, which are linked together with arrows that symbolize task order. For example, you can't paint a room until you've cleaned it, so cleaning would be listed as the first task and painting as the second one. The nodes and task lines on the PERT chart may contain information about each task and event milestone, including:
What is a PERT chart used for in project management?PERT charts are typically used on large projects with many moving parts, but even small complex projects can benefit from this type of visual tool. By simplifying complicated projects and making dependencies clearer, your PERT chart improves collaboration between departments and experts by offering a common point of reference. The chart can also help you explore hypothetical scenarios to see what would happen if you made changes during the course of the project. Simplify complex projects.Complex projects often have multiple teams or departments working on related tasks. A PERT chart helps you visualize what everyone is doing so it's easier to understand how the different pieces fit together. Clarify task dependencies.Your PERT chart can help you clarify task dependencies. You can visualize and prioritize which tasks need to be completed first or done concurrently, who is responsible for completing each task, and how long each task will take. Aid collaboration between departments.You may need to bring multiple departments and subject matter experts together on large or multi-faceted projects. PERT charts help you see the big picture, understand who is responsible for what and when, and the best way to do the job. Explore hypothetical scenarios.An important aspect of project management is assessing risk and planning accordingly. A PERT chart can help you explore different scenarios to determine which ones are most likely to occur and what the consequences might be if they do. For example, if your project involves building a new website, you may want to create a PERT chart with multiple possible scenarios that could impact your product’s cost, time, or quality. PERT chart vs. Gantt chartPERT and Gantt charts are both visual tools that help you plan projects. They help you keep your team organized and on track. PERT charts help you to understand the task dependencies. Gantt charts work best when tasks are clearly defined with a clear beginning and end date. Typically, you’ll use a PERT chart to help you map out all of the tasks and milestones involved in a given project, then use it to create your Gantt chart. They are complementary tools. Read more: Gantt Charts: What They Are and How to Make Them PERT chart vs. CPMA PERT chart is an activity and milestone-focused, probabilistic tool, whereas the critical path method (CPM) is a deterministic chart that’s task-focused, and more suited to predictable projects. At the same time, they share similarities. PERT and CPM chart diagrams look alike. Both tools derive from the critical path idea, which maps the essential series of duties to complete your project. However, each approach differs by project scenario. Here is a side-by-side comparison of the PERT and CPM charts:
PERT charts are excellent for situations where activities and timeframes are unpredictable, and if you want to understand tasks and the critical path better. Successful projects are typically well planned. A project plan outlines a project's:
It helps you manage a project's progress from beginning to end and ensures that all parties have the same goals. PERT charts provide a visual representation of the required resources for each task, to help eliminate overbooking resources. It provides a top-level view of your project, which may be the best way for you to understand the complexities of a new project. Maximize resources.PERT charts help you identify delayed areas in your project so that you can assign more people or better equipment for those tasks. You can also pinpoint areas where you have excess capacity and thus free up resources for other jobs. Improve project visibility.The nature of the PERT chart allows everyone involved in the project to see the big picture and to understand how their work fits into the overall process. This is particularly helpful when you manage remote teams. Visualize new or complex projects.If you've never done a particular type of project before, a PERT chart makes it easier to visualize how all the pieces fit together. This gives you a better understanding of what's needed to prevent problems at each stage before they happen. Form a definite completion time.Without a PERT chart, determining completion time is an educated guess based on experience with similar projects. A PERT chart can give your estimate more weight and make it easier for upper management to budget for the project and allocate resources based on your schedule. Considerations for using PERT chartsThere are several factors to consider when using PERT charts in project planning:
When to use a PERT chartPERT charts are most helpful to you in the project initiation and planning stages of the project lifecycle such as when you determine task interdependencies, estimate project timelines, and choose the project's critical path. You can use PERT charts to plan and schedule complex projects with many tasks because they’ll help you organize the tasks into a logical structure. After creating your team and the work breakdown structure (WBS), you’d make the initial PERT chart. The WBS is used to create all the tasks, which are added to the PERT chart. How to make a PERT chartHere are five logical steps for creating a PERT chart: 1. Identify project tasks.Take a look at the project plan and review the results-oriented work packages (milestones) you identified in your WBS. These will be the individual nodes in your PERT chart. 2. Define task interdependencies.Review the tasks you have identified for the project. Some tasks might be completed independently, but others will need other tasks completed before they are started. Identify which tasks are dependent so this information can be reflected in the PERT chart. 3. Connect project tasks.Connect your project tasks with arrows showing dependencies and the direction of the flow. You’ll need to learn the notations that are best for PERT charts. 4. Estimate task, milestone, and project timeframes.Estimating the timeframe for each task will help determine milestone timeframes and the overall project time. A good PERT chart will show you which tasks need to be expedited and which ones can be delayed without impacting the general timeline of your project. You should use three numbers to estimate each task's time frame: optimistic (O), pessimistic (P), and most likely (M). You can determine the expected duration of each activity by adding the three estimates together and dividing by three. You can use this number to estimate when you'll reach key milestones and to determine whether your project is on track. You can also look at pessimistic values to develop a confident completion date, which should hold even if things don’t go as planned. 5. Manage task progress.Track your progress and make adjustments to ensure your project stays on schedule. You’ll probably use a combination of a PERT chart and a Gantt chart during the execution stage of the project lifecycle. Project management is the art and science of planning, organizing, and managing resources to complete a specific project on time, and within budget. As a project manager, there is a myriad of tools available to you to execute your projects. If you'd like to enhance your skill set and earn a Professional Certificate for your resume, consider taking the Google Project Management: Professional Certificate program on Coursera. professional certificate Google Project Management:Start your path to a career in project management. In this program, you’ll learn in-demand skills that will have you job-ready in less than six months. No degree or experience is required. 4.8 (57,374 ratings) 798,015 already enrolled BEGINNER level Average time: 6 month(s) Learn at your own pace Skills you'll build: Organizational Culture, Career Development, Strategic Thinking, Change Management, Project Management, Stakeholder Management, Business Writing, Project Charter, Project Planning, Risk Management, Task Estimation, Procurement, Quality Management, Project Execution, Coaching, Influencing, Agile Management, Problem Solving, Scrum, Effective Communication Related Articles
Written by Coursera • Updated on Jun 9, 2022 This content has been made available for informational purposes only. Learners are advised to conduct additional research to ensure that courses and other credentials pursued meet their personal, professional, and financial goals. What is the purpose of a PERT?Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) is a project management planning tool used to calculate the amount of time it will take to realistically finish a project. PERT charts are used to plan tasks within a project — making it easier to schedule and coordinate team members.
When should a PERT chart be used?PERT charts are generally used before a project begins to plan and determine the duration of each task—so they don't have to show the actual dates of your project. They also do a better job of showing whether certain tasks need to be completed in order or whether they can be completed simultaneously.
What are the uses of PERT and Gantt charts?PERT and Gantt charts enable project managers to track tasks and project status. PERT charts display tasks in a network diagram, highlighting dependencies; Gantt charts show tasks and timelines in a bar graph.
What is the main advantage of using a PERT chart on a large scale project?The most effective method is the fact that a PERT chart will map an entire project from start to finish. This helps the teams to quickly identify 'bottlenecks' in the campaign which can then be instantly addressed. This helps to save so much time in the long-term, rather than waiting for problems to come up.
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