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| Question | Answer |
|---|
| List four examples of types of microorganisms:
| Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa, Fungi, animal parasites
|
| Define Medical Asepsis
| An object or area that is clean and free from infection
|
| What type of microorganism is still present on an object that is medically aseptic?
| Nonpathogens
|
| What is the name given to the organism that uses organic or living substances for food?
| Heterotrophs
|
| Why do most microorganisms prefer a neutral pH?
| If the environment becomes too basic or acidic they will die.
|
| List 5 examples of how microorganisms can enter the body
| Direct contact, discharge, cough or sneeze, contaminated hands/equipment, insects with pathogens and contaminated food/water
|
| List 3 examples of how a microorganism can be transmitted from one person to another
| Water vapor, a cough or sneeze, insect that has pathogens
|
| List 4 examples of factors that would make a host more susceptible to the entrance of a pathogen:
| Low ability to fight off disease, poor health, poor hygiene, poor nutrition, and stress
|
| List 5 protective devices of the body that prevent the entrance of microorganisms:
| Skin, mucus membranes, coughing/sneezing, cilia in nose, tears, sweat, acidic urine/stomach
|
| What is the difference between resident flora and transient flora?
| Resident grows in the epidermis and deep layers of skin. Transient grows on the superficial skin layers
|
| List three examples of when handwashing should be performed in the medical office
| When hands are visibly soiled, before eating and after using the bathroom, and in between patients.
|
| How does antiseptic handwashing sanitize the hands?
| Antiseptic kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms
|
| List 3 examples of when an alcohol-based hand rub can be used to sanitize the hands:
| when your hands are not visibly soiled, when a sink isn't accessible and less time is required to perform hand hygiene
|
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of alcohol-based hand rubs?
| Faster and more accessible than soap and water, no rinsing. More expensive and brief stinging sensation.
|
| What does OSHA stand for and what is its purpose?
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration
|
| What is the purpose of the OSHA occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens standard?
| It is a set of regulations to provide safe working environments
|
| Who must follow the OSHA standard? List examples:
| Any employee with occupational exposure to pathogens. Physicians, nurses, dentists, lab personal, MA's, CNA's, etc.
|
| What is the purpose of the Needlestick safety and prevention act?
| to incorporate stronger measures to reduce needlesticks and other sharps injuries among health care workers
|
| List 5 examples of other potentially infectious materials (OPIM)
| Semen/vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal and amniotic fluids, saliva, any body fluid visibly contaminated with blood, any unfixed human tissue
|
| List examples of nonintact skin:
| Dermatitis, abrasions, cuts, burns, hangnails, chapping, acne
|
| What is the purpose of a sharps injury log? What type of office must maintain this log? Any office with more than
| 0 employees at risk for exposure are required to maintain the log.
|
| Define an engineering control:
| All control measures that isolate or remove health hazards from workplace.
|
| List 3 examples of engineering controls:
| readily accessible handwashing facilities biohazard sharps containers/bags
autoclave
|
| What is a safer medical device?
| A device that, based on reasonable judgement would make an exposure incident involving a contaminated sharp less likely
|
| What should be done before and after gloves are applied?
| Your hands should be clean and after they must be removed in a manner that protects you from what is or could be on the gloves.
|
| What procedure should be followed when a sharps container located in an examining room becomes full?
| Place into a box, usually cardboard, provided by the medical waste service. Securely seal, and make sure biohazard labels are on opposite sides of box.
|
| Explain how to prepare regulated medical waste for pickup by a medical waste service:
| Place bags and sharps containers into cardboard box, seal and store in locked room/outside shed, that the medical waste service will pick up. Place biohazard labels on outside opposite sides of box.
|
| How should regulated medical waste be stored while awaiting pickup by the medical waste service?
| In a locked room inside the facility or in a locked room outside the facility for pickup by the medical waste service. Should be labeled with signs like "Authorized Personnel Only" &/or "International Biohazard Label"
|
| What information is included on a regulated medical waste tracking form?
| Type and quantity of waste, (weighed in pounds) and where it is being sent. Must be signed by reps at the medical office, and medical waste service.
|
| What is the most likely means of contracting hepatitis B in the health care setting?
| Through needlesticks and cuts with contaminated needles. Blood splashes to eyes, mouth and nonintact skin and through semen/vaginal secretions
|
| What side effects may occur after the administration of a hepatitis B vaccine?
| Soreness at the injection site, induration, erythema, and swelling. Sometimes a low grade fever, headache and dizziness occur
|
| What postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is recommended for an unvaccinated individual who has been exposed to hepatitis B?
| Administration of a passive and an active immunizing agent, within 24 hours and no later than 7 days
|
| Why is chronic viral hepatitis B considered such a serious illness?
| Every year 5000 Americans die as a result of Hep. B. Some will get over it, some will be carriers forever and some will develop liver cancer.
|
| Why is chronic hepatitis C known as "an epidemic that occurred in the past?"
| Lots of people were infected with it more than 25 years ago and are just now seeing symptoms.
|
| How is HIV transmitted?
| Sexual contact, and sharing drug needles
|
| How is HIV NOT transmitted?
| Tears, sweat, shaking hands, hugging, coughing, etc. It's not spread by indirect contact
|
| What is the CDC's Definition of AIDS?
| The presence of one or both of the following conditions:
|
| Be sure to keep your feet together when lifting an object or patient as this saves space
| False
|
| Use your back when moving a patient as it is long and strong
| False
|
| Back injuries can occur if you reach or sit improperly
| True
|
| Telling the Patient what is expected of him when you assist him with positioning is not necessary
| False
|
| Before moving or lifting a client or an object, hold it away from your body about
| 2 inches
|
| Body mechanics is important all the time, not only when giving care to a patient
| True
|
| Be sure to bend your back slowly but fully when you lift an object from the floor
| False
|
| There is no rule to follow when lifting very light objects from the floor- like a pencil
| False
|
| Surgical Asepsis
| All microorganisms are destroyed
|
| To contaminate
| To make impure
|
| Microorganisms on the hands are classified as:
| Flora
|
| Name of virus that causes Hep B:
| HBV
|
| Abbreviation for Headaches
| HA
|
| Cryotherapy
| Cold/freeze therapy
|
| RICE
| Rest ice compression elevation
|
| Atrophy
| Without growth; Like after a cast comes off
|
| Adduction
| MOVEMENT TOWARD THE MIDLINE
|
| Abduction
| Make absence from the midline
|
| Inversion
| turning inward
|
| eversion
| turning outward
|
| Plantar flexion
| toes down
|
| dorsal flexion
| toes up
|
| supination
| palm up; holding a bowl of soup with hand, palm up
|
| Pronation
| rotation of the hands and forearms so that the palms face downward
|
| Supine
| lying face upward
|
| Medical Asepsis
| an object is clean and free from infection
|
What type of microorganisms may remain on an object that is considered medically aseptic? Non-pathogens.
